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Selenium is a known chemical element also known as Se. Selenium are rarely found in nature. Its nonmetal state is chemically related to sulfur and tellurium. This chemical is found to be toxic when consumed in large amounts. Traces of it forms the active center of certain enzymes which are necessary for the function of all cells in (probably) all animals.
Selenium is known to be an essential micronutrient for animals. It occurs as a bystander mineral in plants, sometimes in toxic proportions in forage (some plants gather selenium to use as a defense mehanism against their predators. While some plants use this chemical as a defense, there are some others like locoweed which require selenium for growth. Selenium is a component of the unusual amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is used as a trace element nutrient which functions as cofactor for reduction of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase. It also plays a role in the functioning of the thyroid gland by participating as a cofactor for thyroid hormone deiodinases. Dietary selenium comes from nuts, cereals, meat, fish, and eggs. High levels are found in meats that are found in kidney, crabs and lobster. In the USA, the recommended dietary allowance for adults is 55 micrograms per day.
Toxity for Selenium:
Although selenium is an essential trace element it is toxic if taken in excessive amounts. Exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 400 micrograms per day can lead to selenosis. Symptoms of selenosis include a garlic odour on the breath, gastrointestinal disorders, hair loss, sloughing of nails, fatigue, irritability and neurological damage. Extreme cases of selenosis can result in cirrhosis of the liver, pulmonary edema and death.
Several studies have suggested a link between cancer and selenium deficiency. A study conducted on the effect of selenium supplementation on the recurrence of skin cancers did not demonstrate a reduced rate of recurrence of skin cancers, but did show a significantly reduced occurrence of total cancers.
Some research has indicated a geographical link between regions of selenium deficient soils and peak incidences of HIV/AIDS infection. AIDS appears to involve a slow and progressive decline in levels of selenium in the body.
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*These statements about Selenium have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Selenium is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Selenium
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